Humans have used a variety of preserving techniques throughout history to keep food from spoiling. The advent of refrigeration has only been a relatively recent capability for us, in the grand scheme of things. For centuries we’ve had to rely on techniques like smoking, salting and sugar curing to preserve foods for later use. 

Food stress has heightened during the pandemic, but new modelling demonstrates how nutritional quality and affordability can be improved.

The process of reviewing the Australian Dietary Guidelines is underway with the announcement of the members of the Dietary Guidelines Expert Committee on 15 September.

You’ve probably heard of the gut-brain axis, but what does it mean?

A ‘Tolerable Upper Intake Level’ impossible to set.

What we can learn about energy balance from the animal world.

Dieting may cause more harm than good.

After sugar cane is processed in a mill, it is transported to refineries in the form of raw sugar. The final product from a sugar mill isn’t the raw sugar we’re all familiar with on supermarket shelves, it is a non-food-grade raw sugar that requires further refining before it’s ready to be sold and consumed.

One of the most prominent natural sweeteners in the world is sugar derived from sugar cane. But to get this popular product from paddock to plate takes months of growing, weeks of harvesting and milling and then processing before it can end up as the sweet, crystallised product we all know as raw sugar.

On any given day, many of us will use and consume a product we’re all familiar with – sugar. This sweet, popular commodity is made from the sugar cane plant – a tall perennial grass that grows in subtropical and tropical regions throughout the world.

Fruits and vegetables are consumed in every country across the globe. They are made up of multiple edible components such as the flowers, fruits, stems, roots, seeds and leaves that are used in meals every day.

A natural approach to weed control might already be in your pantry.

A global pandemic may be the shock we need to boost resilience in the food system and address food insecurity.

Is when we eat just as important as what we eat?

A new book written by a dietitian takes a sensible approach to a often controversial subject: sugar.

UK research shows there is confusion around the increasingly used term ‘ultra-processed foods’.

Dementia is a serious health challenge in Australasia and globally, so it is worth examining how it might be prevented.

Rice is a staple in most countries throughout the world. Convenient and easy to cook, it brings flavour and adds body to foods like curries, stir fries, risottos and even desserts. Many of us are curious about the nutritional content of rice. We may also be wondering about its carbohydrate content and whether it contains any sugar?

Investment in prevention of diabetes could have a significantly positive impact on New Zealand’s economy and society.

We take a look at the findings of a new study into the health profile of breakfast cereals.

A radical re-think is needed in preventive health that addresses the root causes of ill-health and takes a holistic, collaborative, systems approach to improving health and wellbeing.

Native to South America, the cassava plant is a starchy root vegetable or tuber that has a nutty-flavour and white flesh. It is also called manioc or yucca in different parts of the world. 

Jaggery is a sweetener that is made from cane sugar. Most of the world's jaggery is produced in India. Jaggery has a unique golden colour and caramelised flavour that is a result of how it is processed.

There are many different types of sugars, both natural and added, that are part of the foods we eat every day. One of the most common ingredients in many foods we consume is sucrose, or what many of us would call table sugar, plain sugar or cane sugar.

A one-stop shop for resources to promote healthy eating, physical activity and sleep in New Zealand.

A comprehensive diabetes resource from Harvard University, although not a must-have in Australia and New Zealand.

Alternative sweetener use is widespread – we review their use and the evidence around their effects.

Protein - it’s one of the essential building blocks for developing your hair, eyes, organs and even your body’s muscles. It helps repair and maintain the tissues in your body. Many of the hormones and enzymes in our body are also primarily made up of proteins.  

In the pursuit of creating a healthy, well-rounded diet, many of us will consume foods from a wide variety of food groups. The energy we absorb and consequently store from the foods we eat will depend on various factors, including the types and amounts of food we consume, daily exercise regimes, and how our bodies handle nutrients (carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals and water) through digestion and absorption. 

A group of health advocates took their calls for climate action to Australian decision makers.

This strategy aims to address the root causes of poor health.

Neither Australia nor New Zealand include agricultural emissions in greenhouse gas reduction targets, making them global outliers.

Canned fruits are a staple in many Australian and New Zealand households for a reason – they’re convenient, easy to store, have a long shelf life, are versatile and budget friendly. 

Disaccharides are a form of carbohydrate that can be found in a wide variety of the foods we eat, such as table sugar and beetroot. Disaccharides are an energy source used by the human body, but are also used by plants for a variety of different uses (including transporting nutrients around the plant).

How are our children’s teeth and how can we best promote dental health?

After a year and a half of debate, the decision about how to rate pure unsweetened fruit and vegetable juices has been made.

How nudge science might help achieve healthier eating habits.

The Canadian Medical Association defines obesity by health and not just weight.

The NHMRC have revised their previous alcohol guidelines published in 2009.

Beans and potatoes are delicious and naturally nutritious foods that many families incorporate into their daily meals. There are a wide variety of beans and potatoes available in supermarkets. They can be found fresh, frozen, canned and dried.

As humans, we’ve been interested in which foods help us reach the highest capacities for physical performance since the dawn of time.

No matter which sport you choose, it’s essential to have your body in peak condition when it counts. No matter your goals – be it a personal best or a place in the Olympics - allowing your body to achieve peak performance is something all serious athletes strive for. 

The Australian Dietary Guidelines are up for review. How should environmental sustainability be incorporated?

Many groups have been calling for it and now the first step toward a national food strategy has been taken.

How is the American Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee incorporating the evidence to establish recommendations on sugar?

How does the body tell us we’ve eaten enough?

The Australian Institute of Health & Welfare (AIHW) has released their biennial report on the health of the nation.

The Healthy Food Environment Policy Index (Food-EPI) collated by INFORMAS consists of two components (Policies and Infrastructure Support), 13 domains and 47 good practice indicators.

What can the art of cooking bring to our health and wellbeing?

How might taxes and subsidies improve public health in New Zealand?

Decisions have been made on several outstanding recommendations to enhance the Health Star Rating (HSR) system.

What would a healthy, sustainable and affordable diet for New Zealanders look like?

Focussing on positive messages is a good strategy for public health.

Finally, the announcement we’ve all been waiting for in Australia.

FSANZ has started the process of research and consultation on how to make labelling of sugar in foods and drinks clearer and easier to understand.

Carbohydrate quality is important and this positive approach to improving diet has great potential to improve public health.

Might there be unintended nutritional consequences of a diet very low in free sugars?

When our broader food system is configured to deliver profits above all, public health and environmental sustainability suffer.

The World Health Organisation (WHO) has released a report, WHO Essential Nutrition Actions: mainstreaming nutrition throughout the life course. 

Back in February, Emeritus Professor Elaine Rush from Auckland University of Technology presented to New Zealand Nutrition Foundation members, the results of a study she had led looking at New Zealand’s food exports and imports in relation to dietary guidelines.

As the world continues to reel from the coronavirus pandemic, food has taken on an important role to help us feel better in hard times. 

The current global COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted food systems around the world.

The Healthy Food Partnership (HFP) is a collaborative program that allows the public health sector and the food industry to work together to tackle health issues such as obesity and encourage healthy eating by improving the food supply.

Chronic systemic inflammation is implicated in the development of numerous chronic diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, respiratory and musculoskeletal disorders as well as adverse mental health outcomes.

Fear surrounding the outbreak of COVID-19 has led to panic buying and stock-piling in Australia and New Zealand.

We compiled an evidence based submission to the National Obesity Strategy consultation, here is a summary of the submission.

Oat-based muesli bars are a popular snack food for kid’s lunchboxes and there are a wide range of products available. 

Australia’s catastrophic bushfires attracted the attention of the world. Lives have been lost, and bushland, homes, wildlife, farms and infrastructure destroyed by the sheer scale and savagery of the flames.

In the first update in 10 years, Australia’s National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) has released draft recommendations for alcohol consumption. They recommend a reduced weekly limit of 10 standard drinks for healthy adults (1.4 a day), and no more than 4 drinks on any one day.

A panel of experts from the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, the American Academy of Paediatrics, the American Academy of Paediatric Dentistry and the American Heart Association, under the leadership of nutrition research organization Healthy Eating Research, have produced beverage guidelines for children from birth to age five.

Data from the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) National Health Survey reports that 46% of young people aged 18-24 have a BMI over 25 and this is up from 39% since the 2014-15 figures - an 18% increase. This represents just over a million young people. Of these almost 350,000 are classified as obese- 15.5% had a BMI of 30 or more.

Data on food intake data in the first two years of life is limited, but there are some studies that report sugar intake in toddlers, including research conducted in Australia.

The French government agency - Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement, et du travail (ANSES) (French Agency for food environmental and occupational health and safety) – has set new sugar intake recommendations for adults.

There is a lot of talk about the risks of overconsumption of added sugars in foods, but how much exactly is too much? How much are we eating and which foods are they coming from? Who are those most likely to be eating too much? How do we meet intake recommendations?

Presently there is no data on consumption of added sugar in New Zealand as the last national nutrition survey for adults (2008/09) and children (2002) analysed total sugar, sucrose and fructose only. Sucrose content is derived via chemical analysis and can only provide an approximation of total added sugars.

In this provocatively titled paper published in Progress in Cardiovascular Disease, Dr Edward Archer challenges the idea that sugar is responsible for the increased prevalence of obesity and chronic disease.

There has been a growing focus on the degree of processing of foods as a way of looking at the nutrition and health relationship. A classification system has been developed however it is worth looking at the evidence surrounding the concept of ‘ultra-processed foods’.

Women’s magazines, numerous websites and even some dermatologists warn against eating sugar because of its adverse effects on skin. They say it ages skin, making it look dull and tired. We investigate these claims and examine the evidence.

The Australian Beverages Council announced 80% of the (non-alcoholic) beverage industry including the big players Coca-Cola and Pepsi have signed up to their agreement to cut sugar in drinks by 20% between now and 2025.

Flavoured milk has attracted controversy because it contains added sugar. Dairy Australia have developed a new resource for health professionals on flavoured milk that gathers the evidence.

The New Zealand Ministry of Health engaged the New Zealand Institute of Economic Research (NZIER) to write a report on sugar taxes in 2017. The report has just been made public.

The Australian national broadcaster’s flagship current affairs program 4 Corners has weighed in to the sugar debate with their program, Tipping the scales that aired on Monday April 30.

The George Institute for Global Health and the Nielsen market research company have announced a new partnership to explore how nutrition information on food packages influences consumer choices.

Milo came under attack from advocacy groups such as Choice and The Obesity Policy Coalition because the HSR on pack was calculated based on the serving suggestion of Milo with skim milk (HSR 4.5), rather than the Milo powder on its own (HSR 1.5).

There is demand for sugar-free foods, but do the products deliver on their better-for-you promise? We investigate the two largest categories, soft drinks and confectionery.

The idea that eating sugar causes diabetes persists despite an increased understanding of the complex and multi-factorial aetiology of type 2 diabetes. We asked one of the nutrition community’s wise elders, Professor Paul Nestel for his words of wisdom on the topic.

The idea that sugar is an addictive substance that creates neurobiological changes similar to those in drug addiction is popular. The authors of this paper reviewed human and animal neuroscience studies on sugar and compared it with studies on drug addiction to find out if sugar could indeed be acting like a drug that could contribute to overeating and obesity.

Joanna Baker is a foodie, Dietitian and Registered nurse, who is passionate about digestive health. She now works exclusively on IBS and food intolerance, dividing her time between consulting as an advisor to FODMAP Friendly and Everyday Nutrition, her Melbourne based private practice.

Despite the media focus on sugar, our biggest nutritional issue is eating too many discretionary foods. The last National Health Survey results showed Australians over 2 years of age are consuming 35% of their total kilojoules as discretionary foods (1).

Interview with Dr Jane Muir
Dr Jane Muir is currently Head of Translational Nutrition Science in the Department of Gastroenterology at Monash University. She is a trained dietitian with a PhD in biochemistry and has over 20 years experience in the area of nutrition research. Her major research focus has been on the important role of fermentable carbohydrates in the health of the gastrointestinal tract.

Fructose has developed a bad name, with some products even boasting they are free-from fructose. While there are varied concerns around fructose, we’ve chosen to focus on claims around adverse affects on the liver.

Obesity is a global epidemic, leading to serious diseases, premature death and increased health costs (1). New Zealand and Australia currently rank in the top five most obese nations in the OECD and show little sign of improving, with obesity continuing to climb in both countries, increasing across all age groups and both genders in the last decade (2,3).

Interview with Louise BurkeOAM, PhD, APD, FACSM
Louise is a sports dietitian with over 35 years of experience with elite athletes. She has been Head of Sports Nutrition at the Australian Institute of Sport since 1990 and the team dietitian for the Australian Olympic Teams for the 1996-2012 Summer Olympic Games.

A sugar tax is a tax on sugary drinks, also called a Sugar Sweetened Beverage Tax (SSBT). Public health advocates say an SSBT in Australia and New Zealand could help reduce consumption of SSBs and thereby reduce obesity and other associated diseases.

The data in this report was obtained from an online survey of a nationally representative sample of 3000 consumers and food decision-makers aged over 18 years conducted in December 2015.

Dyslipidemia refers to abnormal levels of lipids in the blood: typically, elevated levels of total cholesterol (TC) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), elevated triglycerides (TG) and/or low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C). There is debate as to whether high TG themselves contribute to cardiovascular risk, or whether they are just a marker of risk because high triglycerides are linked to low HDL-C, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Whether high TG are a participant in- or just a spectator of - increased cardiovascular risk remains unclear.

Our consumption of added sugars has been widely debated. Now, hot on the heels of the Lei et al (2016) paper from Sydney University we reported on last month, the ABS has released a secondary analysis 'Australian Health Survey: Consumption of Added Sugars' using the same methodology (modified slightly) and finds similar results.

The National Heart Foundation of Australia is retiring its Tick Program after 26 years (the New Zealand Heart Foundation Tick Program is continuing).

Wellness enthusiasts promote the health benefits of ‘real food’ that is as close to nature as possible. When it comes to added sugars “natural” sugars are seen as healthier than refined cane sugar. Maple syrup and honey are recommended over cane sugar, and fruit syrups are used in order to make ‘no added cane sugar’ claims on foods, but are they better for you than regular cane sugar?

Some evidence suggests low-carb, high protein diets may lead to greater weight loss in the short term. However, very low carbohydrate, high protein diets may not be safe in the long term. Low carb and low-sugar diets are based on the notion that carbohydrates and sugar are specifically problematic for weight gain.

Athletes are now spoilt for choice when it comes to the plethora of sports drinks on the market. With varying osmolality, electrolyte composition and carbohydrate levels there are many considerations an athlete must make (including flavour and personal tolerability) when choosing the appropriate sports drink.

By Bill Shrapnel
Professor Jennie Brand-Miller from Sydney University refers to carbohydrate as the ‘default nutrient’ – nutritionists assumed it was beneficial for health because they were concerned about everything else. Saturated fat raised LDL-cholesterol; unsaturated fats were still fats and therefore were treated with suspicion; protein was assumed to be a constant; and alcohol was out of the question.